Mineral granules, aluminium foil film, or fine sand. The surface finish determines UV resistance, slip resistance, heat reflectance, and suitability for exposed vs covered applications. Granule and aluminium surfaces extend membrane service life by protecting the bitumen below from UV degradation. Sand-finished (plain) membranes must be covered.

The primary waterproofing material. Bitumen refined from crude oil, blended with APP or SBS polymer to specified ratios. The quality of the bitumen feedstock and the polymer content percentage directly determine membrane flexibility, softening point, cold bend temperature, and service life. Substandard membranes use lower polymer content to reduce cost — resulting in a product that behaves closer to unmodified bitumen.

Non-woven polyester mat, typically 140g to 200g per m². This is the structural skeleton of the membrane. It provides tensile strength (resistance to being pulled apart), elongation capacity (stretch before breaking), puncture resistance, and dimensional stability. Polyester reinforcement significantly outperforms fibreglass reinforcement for Pakistan’s applications — polyester can elongate 40-50% before breaking, while fibreglass is brittle and can crack when the substrate moves. All Eurobit EuroProof membranes use polyester reinforcement.

Second modified bitumen layer — forms the adhesive bond between the membrane and the primed substrate when heated by torch. The quality and thickness of this layer determines how well the membrane bonds to concrete and how effectively it seals lap joints between adjacent rolls.

Polyethylene film that prevents the rolled membrane from bonding to itself during storage and transport. Burns away completely during torch application. In self-adhesive membranes, this is replaced by a release paper or film that is manually peeled away during cold application.

APP — Atactic Polypropylene

APP is a plastic polymer — the same family of material as polypropylene packaging. When added to bitumen, it creates a plastomeric membrane — one that behaves like a plastic-modified material. It becomes harder, stiffer, and significantly more resistant to heat and UV radiation. At room temperature, APP membrane has a plastic-like feel compared to the rubber-like feel of SBS.

Lahore, Karachi, Multan, Faisalabad and all hot climate zones. Flat rooftops. UV-exposed surfaces. High-temperature environments. Covered basements and foundations where low-temperature performance is less critical.

SBS — Styrene Butadiene Styrene

SBS is a synthetic rubber — the same polymer group as the rubber used in vehicle tyres. When added to bitumen, it creates an elastomeric membrane — one that behaves like rubber. It becomes highly elastic, flexible at sub-zero temperatures, and capable of stretching to approximately three times its length before breaking. At room temperature, SBS membrane has a distinctly rubber-like feel.

Islamabad, KPK, Murree, Abbottabad, and all northern Pakistan. Basements and below-grade applications. Hillside properties with ground movement. Structures in seismically active zones. Re-roofing over existing surfaces with active cracking.

A propane gas torch heats the underside of the membrane roll and the primed concrete surface simultaneously. The bitumen melts and flows, creating an immediate bond as the roll is slowly pushed forward. Lap joints between adjacent rolls are also torch-fused. This is the method that produces the most reliable, fully bonded waterproofing system when executed correctly.

Hot bitumen is heated in a kettle and mopped or poured onto the substrate immediately before rolling the membrane into it. Primarily used for SBS membranes in large commercial and industrial applications. Less common in Pakistan than torch application but used for large podium decks and industrial roof projects where mechanised application is practical. Requires significant equipment, skilled labour, and strict temperature control at both the kettle and point of application.

Solvent or water-based cold adhesive is spread onto the primed substrate, the membrane is rolled into it, and pressure is applied to achieve bond. Used where open-flame torch application is prohibited by fire regulations or safety risk — particularly for roofing over wood or combustible decking, or in areas where fire safety is a primary concern. Bond quality is generally lower than torch application and more dependent on adhesive temperature and surface conditions.

Self-adhesive membranes have a pre-applied pressure-sensitive bituminous adhesive on the underside, protected by a release film. The film is peeled away and the membrane pressed onto the primed substrate — no flame, no heat, no adhesive to mix or apply. Provides the same waterproofing performance as torch-applied membranes in a cold-applied format. The most critical technique requirement is applying firm roller pressure across the full surface and at all overlaps to achieve consistent bond. Eurobit EuroStick SA-1.70 and SA-2.00 conform to ASTM D1970.